Igakura et al., 10.1126/science.1080115

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Published online February 13, 2003

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Submitted on November 4, 2002
Accepted on January 28, 2003

Spread of HTLV-I Between Lymphocytes by Virus-Induced Polarization of the Cytoskeleton

Tadahiko Igakura ¹, Jane C. Stinchcombe ², Peter K. C. Goon ³, Graham P. Taylor ⁴, Jonathan N. Weber ⁴, Gillian M. Griffiths ², Yuetsu Tanaka ⁵, Mitsuhiro Osame ⁶, Charles R. M. Bangham ³^*

¹ Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK; The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
² Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
³ Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.
⁴ Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine and Communicable Diseases, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.
⁵ Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Okinawa-Asia Research Center of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Uehara-cho 207, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
⁶ The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected].

Cell contact is required for efficient transmission of humanT-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) between cells and betweenindividuals, because naturally infected lymphocytes producevirtually no cell-free infectious HTLV-I particles. However,the mechanism of cell-to-cell spread of HTLV-I is not understood.We show here that cell contact rapidly induces polarizationof the cytoskeleton of the infected cell to the cell-cell junction.HTLV-I core (Gag protein) complexes and the HTLV-I genome accumulateat the cell-cell junction and are then transferred to the uninfectedcell. Other lymphotropic viruses, such as HIV-1, may similarlysubvert normal T-cell physiology to allow efficient propagationbetween cells.